Search Results for T T-beam A beam composed of a stem and a flange in the form of a "T"; usually of reinforced concrete or rolled metal. tack coat A coat of emulsion that enhances the bonding of two layers of asphalt. tap A connection to a water supply. tapered insulation Preformed rigid insulation used on roofs at drains or roof intersections requiring a slight change in elevations at the surface. tar-and-gravel roofing Built-up roofing made up of gravel or sand, poured over a heavy coating or coal-tar pitch applied to an underlayer of felt. temperature steel A steel reinforcement used within concrete slabs and other units of masonry to reduce the chances of cracking caused by temperature changes. temperature stress Stress in a structure or a member due to changes or differentials in temperature in the structure or member. tempering The addition of water and mixing of concrete or mortar as necessary to bring it to the desired consistency during the prescribed mixing period. For mixed concrete, this will included any addition of water as may be necessary to bring the load to the correct slump on arrival at the work site, but not after a period of waiting to discharge the concrete. temporary shoring Shoring installed to support a structure while it is being built, and removed when construction is finished. tensile stress Stress resulting from tension. tension member A tie or other structural member subjected to tension. tension reinforcement Reinforcement designed to carry tensile stresses such as those in the bottom of a simple beam. terminal An element attached to the end of a conductor or to a piece of electric equipment to serve as a connection for an external conductor. termite shield A sheet of metal used on a foundation wall or pier as a projecting shield to prevent the passage of termites from the ground to a structure. terrazzo A type of flooring material made from marble or other stone chips set in Portland cement and polished when dry. test cylinder A sample of a concrete mix, cast in a standard cylindrical shape, cured under controlled or job conditions and used to determine the compressive strength of the mix after a specified time interval. test pit An excavation made to examine the subsurface conditions on a potential site. Samples are taken at specified elevations for lab analysis. Texture 1-11 A registered trade name of the American Plywood Association for siding panels with special surface treatments, such as saw-textured, and having grooves spaced regularly across the face. thermal expansion The change in length or volume experienced by a material or mass when subjected to a change in temperature. thermal shock The subjection of a material or body, such as partially hardened concrete, to a rapid change in temperature which may be expected to have a potentially deleterious effect. thermal unit A unit of heat energy, usually the British thermal unit (Btu) in the English system or the calorie in the metric system. thick panels Plywood panels ]" and thicker. three-coat work The application of three coats of plaster - scratch coat, brown coat, and finish coat. threshold A shaped strip on the floor between the jambs of a door; used to separate different types of flooring, or to provide weather protection at an exterior door. through-wall flashing A flashing that extends completely through a wall, as at a parapet. thrust The amount of force or push exerted by or on a structure. Sometimes the horizontal component of that force. tie (1) Loop of reinforcing bars encircling the longitudinal steel in columns. (2) A tensile unit adapted to holding concrete forms secure against the lateral pressure of unhardened concrete. tie beam A horizontal timber that connects the lower end of two opposite rafters to prevent spreading. tieback A rod fastened to a deadman, a rigid foundation, or a rock or soil anchor to prevent lateral movement or formwork, sheet pile walls, retaining walls, or bulkheads. tight sheathing Tongue-and-groove or matched boards nailed to rafters or studs, which may run at an angle to provide stillness to the roof or wall. tilt-up (tilt-up construction) A method of concrete construction in which members are cast horizontally at a location adjacent to their eventual position and tilted into place after removal of forms. timber Any heavy wood beam used for shoring or bracing. time-dependent deformation Combined effects of autogenous volume change, contraction, creep, expansion, shrinkage, and swelling occurring during an appreciable period of time, not synonymous with inelastic behavior or volume change. toe That part of the base of a retaining wall that projects beyond the face away from the retained material toenailing Fastening a piece lumber by driving nails obliquely to the surface. Alternate nails may be opposing to increase holding power. tolerance The permitted variation from a given dimension or quantity. ton of refrigerator A measure of refrigerating effect equal to 12,000 Btu per hour. tongue and groove Lumber machined to have a groove on one side and a protruding tongue on the other, so that pieces will fit snugly together, with the tongue of one fitting into the groove of the other. tooled joint A masonry joint in which the mortar has been shaped or worked before it sets. tooth A fine texture in a paint film provided by pigments or by abrasives used in sanding, providing a base for adhesion of a second coat. toothed plate (bulldog plate, toothed gusset) A punched metal plate in which the punched metal protrudes from one side, forming teeth. Toothed plates are used for timber connections. toothing Cutting or chipping out courses in old work as a bond for new work. top beam A collar beam. top coat A final coat in a paint system. top plate A member on top of a stud wall on which joists rest to support an additional floor or to form a ceiling. topping A layer of concrete or mortar placed to form a floor surface on a concrete base. topsoil The surface layer of soil, usually containing organic matter, a mixture of particle sizes, and some animal life. total rise of a roof The vertical distance between the plate and the ridge of a roof. toxic Causing as adverse health effect. track A light gauge U-shaped metal member attached to a floor and used to anchor studs for a partition. transfer grille A grille or pair of grilles that allow air to move from one space to another, installed in locations such as a wall or door. transformed section A hypothetical section of one material arranged so as to have the same elastic properties as a section of two materials. transformer An electric device with two or more coupled windings, with and without a magnetic core, for introducing mutual coupling between circuits; generally used to convert a power supply at one voltage to another voltage. transit mix (transit-mix concrete) Concrete that is wholly or mainly mixed in a truck mixer, usually while in transit to the job site. transom A glazed or solid panel over a door or window, usually hinged and used for ventilation. The transom and bar may be removable for passage of large objects. transverse reinforcement Reinforcement at right angles to the principal axis of a member. trap A plumbing fixture so constructed that, when installed in a system, a water seal will form and prevent backflow of air or gas, but permit free flow of liquids. tread run The horizontal distance between nosings of stair treads. tread width The horizontal distance from the nosing of a stair tread to the riser above the tread. The tread run plus nosing. treated Wood products infused or coated with any of a variety of stains or chemicals designed to retard fire, decay, insect damage, or deterioration due to weather. trenched footing (neat excavation) A type of footing in which a trench has been excavated to the exact dimensions of the desired footing, and the concrete poured directly into the trench. This type of footing requires no formwork. trial pit A small pit dug to investigate the soil, sometimes dug to bedrock or other dense material. trim Millwork, primarily moldings and/or trim to finish off and cover joints around window and door openings. trimmer (header) (1) A short beam that supports one or more joists or beams at an opening in the floor. (2) A beam or joist inserted in a floor on the long side of a stair opening and supporting a header. trimstone (trim) Decorative masonry members in a structure built or faced largely with other masonry; includes sills, jambs, lintels, coping, cornices, and quoins. trowel A flat, broad-blade, steel hand tool used in the final stages of finishing operations to impart a relatively smooth surface to concrete floors and other unformed concrete surfaces. truss A structural component composed of a combination of members, usually in a triangular arrangement, to form a rigid framework; often used to support a roof. tuck pointing A method of refinishing old mortar joints. The loose mortar is dug out and the tuck is filled with fine mortar, which is left projecting slightly or with a fillet of putty or lime. tuck-in That part of a counterflashing, skirting, or roofing felt that is inserted in a reglet. turnup That edge of roofing material turned up along a vertical surface. two-core block A concrete masonry unit with two hollow cells. two-four-one (2-4-1) Structural wood panels, at least 1-[" thick, designed for single-floor applications over joists spaced 48" apart and also used as roof sheathing in heavy timber construction. The term is synonymous with APA-Rated-Sturd-I-Floor and is a registered trade name of the American Plywood Association. two-way reinforced footing A footing having reinforcement in two directions, generally perpendicular to each other. two-way reinforcement (two-way system) A system of reinforcement. Bars, rods, or wires are placed at right angles to each other in a slab, and are intended to resist stresses due to bending of the slab in two directions. two-way slab A reinforced concrete slab in which the main reinforcing runs in two directions, parallel to the length and width of the panel. Search Again